RF Optimization: Januari 2013

Selasa, 29 Januari 2013

Propagation Model Characteristics

The following table summarises the frequency band, necessary geo data, recommended use of each propagation model.

Model	Frequency Band	Geo Data Taken into Account	Recommended Use
Longley-Rice (theoretical)	~ 40 MHz	- Terrain profile	- Flat areas - Very low frequencies
ITU 370-7 Vienna 93	100 – 400 MHz	- Terrain profile	- Long distances (d > 10 km) - Low frequencies
ITU 1546	30 – 3000 MHz	- Terrain profile	1 < d < 1000 km > Broadcast > Land and maritime mobile
ITU 526-5 (theoretical)	30 – 10000 MHz	- Terrain profile	- Fixed receivers
WLL	30 – 10000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Deterministic clutter	- Fixed receivers > Microwave links > WiMAX
Okumura-Hata	150 – 1000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	1 < d < 20 km > GSM 900 > CDMA2000 > LTE
Cost-Hata	1500 – 2000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	1 < d < 20 km > GSM 1800 > UMTS > LTE
ITU 529-3	300 – 1500 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	1 < d < 100 km > GSM 900 > CDMA2000 > LTE
Standard Propagation Model	150 – 3500 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter	1 < d < 20 km > GSM 900 > GSM 1800 > UMTS > CDMA2000 > WiMAX > LTE (Automatic calibration available)
Erceg-Greenstein (SUI)	1900 – 6000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	- Urban and suburban areas 100 m < d < 8 km > Fixed WiMAX
Sakagami Extended	3000 – 8000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter	1 < d < 20 km > WiMAX (Automatic calibration available)
WinProp-ProMan	150 – 3500 MHz	- Building database - Terrain profile - Clutter - Diffraction - Reflection	0.02 < d < 35 km > GSM 900 > GSM 1800 > UMTS > WiMAX > LTE

Propagation Model Characteristics

The following table summarises the frequency band, necessary geo data, recommended use of each propagation model.

Model	Frequency Band	Geo Data Taken into Account	Recommended Use
Longley-Rice (theoretical)	~ 40 MHz	- Terrain profile	- Flat areas - Very low frequencies
ITU 370-7 Vienna 93	100 – 400 MHz	- Terrain profile	- Long distances (d > 10 km) - Low frequencies
ITU 1546	30 – 3000 MHz	- Terrain profile	1 < d < 1000 km > Broadcast > Land and maritime mobile
ITU 526-5 (theoretical)	30 – 10000 MHz	- Terrain profile	- Fixed receivers
WLL	30 – 10000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Deterministic clutter	- Fixed receivers > Microwave links > WiMAX
Okumura-Hata	150 – 1000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	1 < d < 20 km > GSM 900 > CDMA2000 > LTE
Cost-Hata	1500 – 2000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	1 < d < 20 km > GSM 1800 > UMTS > LTE
ITU 529-3	300 – 1500 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	1 < d < 100 km > GSM 900 > CDMA2000 > LTE
Standard Propagation Model	150 – 3500 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter	1 < d < 20 km > GSM 900 > GSM 1800 > UMTS > CDMA2000 > WiMAX > LTE (Automatic calibration available)
Erceg-Greenstein (SUI)	1900 – 6000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter (at the receiver)	- Urban and suburban areas 100 m < d < 8 km > Fixed WiMAX
Sakagami Extended	3000 – 8000 MHz	- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter	1 < d < 20 km > WiMAX (Automatic calibration available)
WinProp-ProMan	150 – 3500 MHz	- Building database - Terrain profile - Clutter - Diffraction - Reflection	0.02 < d < 35 km > GSM 900 > GSM 1800 > UMTS > WiMAX > LTE

The antenna is the part of the microwave link that transmits electromagnetic energy

Antenna

The antenna is the part of the microwave link that transmits electromagnetic energy from transmission lines into the air and receives transmitted electromagnetic energy from the air to be then sent on transmission lines. The antenna can be in one of many different shapes (for example, horn, parabolic, flat or planar, lens, yagi, or array) to achieve its specific objectives.

The main characteristics of the microwave antenna are the following:

• Directivity: In practical terms, directivity is defined as:

- The ability to send the transmitted power in only the desired direction

- The ability to reject undesired signals coming from other directions.

• Gain: The gain is the amount of power radiated in a given direction using only the RF power at the input terminals of the antenna.

• Front-to-Back Ratio (FBR): The FBR is the ratio of the power radiated in the desired direction to the power radiated in the opposite direction, typically between 35 and 50 dB. In general, the higher the gain of the antenna, the higher the FBR.

• Radiation pattern: The radiation pattern is a diagram showing the direction of the radiated power. The portion of the pattern where the maximum gain occurs is often referred to as the main lobe of the pattern

• Polarisation: Polarisation is the ability to transmit only one of the two electromagnetic vector components of the wave (either the horizontal component or the vertical component). Using polarisation enables the same radio frequency to be used by different radio systems in physical proximity to one another.

• Cross Polarisation Discrimination (XPD): The XPD is the ratio of power received in the desired polarisation to the power received in undesired polarisation. XPD is a design parameter that is maximized in the main lobe of the antenna pattern.

Selasa, 22 Januari 2013

Free Webinar: The All New Xeus Pro 2013 - See it in Action, Learn What’s New!

insight into all the new features, enhancements and support capabilities that have been included into this software this time around.

Some highlights include more LTE support including Ericsson LTE call trace analytics, ZTE call trace support and call trace analytics for Huawei RAN14.

There is no cost to join this online event; however spaces are limited therefore do register as soon as possible to secure your spot. We look forward to seeing you there!

Speaker : Kean Chan (the creator himself!)

Pick and Register for a session that suits your time best ;

Option 1: 5th February 2013 @ 9am London/11am Cairo/5pm Beijing

Option 2: 5th February 2013 @ 9am New York/2pm London/10pm Beijing

-------------------------------------------------------
For assistance
-------------------------------------------------------
Contact Lin at:
norazlin.jalik@aexio.com

Sabtu, 12 Januari 2013

E-UTRA frequency band (36.101)

Band	Name	Bandwidth (MHz)	Downlink (MHz)		Uplink (MHz)		Duplex spacing (MHz)	Equivalent UMTS band
Band	Name	Bandwidth (MHz)	Low Earfcn	High Earfcn	Low Earfcn	High Earfcn	Duplex spacing (MHz)	Equivalent UMTS band
1	IMT 2.1 GHz	60	2110 0	2170 599	1920 18000	1980 18599	190	1
2	PCS 1900	60	1930 600	1990 1199	1850 18600	1910 19199	80	2
3	DCS 1800	75	1805 1200	1880 1949	1710 19200	1785 19949	95	3
4	AWS	45	2110 1950	2155 2399	1710 19950	1755 20399	400	4
5	850 MHz	25	869 2400	894 2649	824 20400	849 20649	45	5
6	UTRA only	10	875 2650	885 2749	830 20650	840 20749	45	6
7	2.6 GHz	70	2620 2750	2690 3449	2500 20750	2570 21449	120	7
8	900 MHz	35	925 3450	960 3799	880 21450	915 21799	45	8
9	1700 MHz	35	1844.9 3800	1879.9 4149	1749.9 21800	1784.9 22149	95	9
10	Extended AWS	60	2110 4150	2170 4749	1710 22150	1770 22749	400	10
11	1.5 GHz Lower	20	1475.9 4750	1495.9 4949	1427.9 22750	1447.9 22949	48	11
12	700 MHz Lower, A+B+C	17	729 5010	746 5179	699 23010	716 23179	30	12
13	700 MHz Upper	10	746 5180	756 5279	777 23180	787 23279	-31	13
14	Public Safety	10	758 5280	768 5379	788 23280	798 23379	-30	14
17	700 MHz Lower, B+C	12	734 5730	746 5849	704 23730	716 23849	30
18	Japan 800 MHz lower	15	860 5850	875 5999	815 23850	830 23999	45
19	Japan 800 MHz upper	15	875 6000	890 6149	830 24000	845 24149	45	19
20	800 MHz EDD	30	791 6150	821 6449	832 24150	862 24449	-41	20
21	1.5 GHz Upper	15	1495.9 6450	1510.9 6599	1447.9 24450	1462.9 24599	48	21
22	3.5 Ghz	80	3510 6600	3590 7399	3410 24600	3490 25399	100	22
23	2 GHz S-Band	20	2180 7500	2200 7699	2000 25500	2020 25699	180
24	L Band	34	1525 7700	1559 8039	1626.5 25700	1660.5 26039	-101.5
25	PCS 1900 + G Block	65	1930 8040	1995 8689	1850 26040	1915 26689	80	25
26	800 MHz iDEN	35	859 8690	894 9039	814 26690	849 27039	45	26
27	850 MHz lower	17	852 9040	869 9209	807 27040	824 27209	45
28	700 MHz APAC	45	758 9210	803 9659	703 27210	748 27659	55
33	TDD 2000	20	1900 36000	1920 36199			Tdd
34	TDD 2000	15	2010 36200	2025 36349			Tdd
35	TDD 1900	60	1850 36350	1910 36949			Tdd
36	TDD 1900	60	1930 36950	1990 37549			Tdd
37	TDD PCS	20	1910 37550	1930 37749			Tdd
38	TDD 2.6 GHz	50	2570 37750	2620 38249			Tdd
39	China TDD 1.9 GHz	40	1880 38250	1920 38649			Tdd
40	China TDD 2.3 GHz	100	2300 38650	2400 39649			Tdd
41	TDD 2.5 GHz	194	2496 39650	2690 41589			Tdd
42	TDD 3.4 GHz	200	3400 41590	3600 43589			Tdd
43	TDD 3.6 GHz	200	3600 43590	3800 45589			Tdd
44	700 MHz APAC	100	703 45590	803 46589			Tdd