Selasa, 29 Januari 2013

Propagation Model Characteristics


The following table summarises the frequency band, necessary geo data, recommended use of each propagation model.

ModelFrequency BandGeo Data Taken into AccountRecommended Use
Longley-Rice (theoretical)~ 40 MHz- Terrain profile- Flat areas
- Very low frequencies
ITU 370-7 Vienna 93100 – 400 MHz- Terrain profile- Long distances (d > 10 km)
- Low frequencies
ITU 154630 – 3000 MHz- Terrain profile1 < d < 1000 km
> Broadcast
> Land and maritime mobile
ITU 526-5 (theoretical)30 – 10000 MHz- Terrain profile- Fixed receivers
WLL30 – 10000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Deterministic clutter
- Fixed receivers
> Microwave links
> WiMAX
Okumura-Hata150 – 1000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
1 < d < 20 km
> GSM 900
> CDMA2000
> LTE
Cost-Hata1500 – 2000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
1 < d < 20 km
> GSM 1800
> UMTS
> LTE
ITU 529-3300 – 1500 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
1 < d < 100 km
> GSM 900
> CDMA2000
> LTE
Standard Propagation Model150 – 3500 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter
1 < d < 20 km
> GSM 900
> GSM 1800
> UMTS
> CDMA2000
> WiMAX
> LTE
(Automatic calibration available)
Erceg-Greenstein (SUI)1900 – 6000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
- Urban and suburban areas
100 m < d < 8 km
> Fixed WiMAX
Sakagami Extended3000 – 8000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter
1 < d < 20 km
> WiMAX
(Automatic calibration available)
WinProp-ProMan150 – 3500 MHz- Building database
- Terrain profile
- Clutter
- Diffraction
- Reflection
0.02 < d < 35 km
> GSM 900
> GSM 1800
> UMTS
> WiMAX
> LTE

Propagation Model Characteristics


The following table summarises the frequency band, necessary geo data, recommended use of each propagation model.

ModelFrequency BandGeo Data Taken into AccountRecommended Use
Longley-Rice (theoretical)~ 40 MHz- Terrain profile- Flat areas
- Very low frequencies
ITU 370-7 Vienna 93100 – 400 MHz- Terrain profile- Long distances (d > 10 km)
- Low frequencies
ITU 154630 – 3000 MHz- Terrain profile1 < d < 1000 km
> Broadcast
> Land and maritime mobile
ITU 526-5 (theoretical)30 – 10000 MHz- Terrain profile- Fixed receivers
WLL30 – 10000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Deterministic clutter
- Fixed receivers
> Microwave links
> WiMAX
Okumura-Hata150 – 1000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
1 < d < 20 km
> GSM 900
> CDMA2000
> LTE
Cost-Hata1500 – 2000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
1 < d < 20 km
> GSM 1800
> UMTS
> LTE
ITU 529-3300 – 1500 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
1 < d < 100 km
> GSM 900
> CDMA2000
> LTE
Standard Propagation Model150 – 3500 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter
1 < d < 20 km
> GSM 900
> GSM 1800
> UMTS
> CDMA2000
> WiMAX
> LTE
(Automatic calibration available)
Erceg-Greenstein (SUI)1900 – 6000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)
- Urban and suburban areas
100 m < d < 8 km
> Fixed WiMAX
Sakagami Extended3000 – 8000 MHz- Terrain profile
- Statistical clutter
1 < d < 20 km
> WiMAX
(Automatic calibration available)
WinProp-ProMan150 – 3500 MHz- Building database
- Terrain profile
- Clutter
- Diffraction
- Reflection
0.02 < d < 35 km
> GSM 900
> GSM 1800
> UMTS
> WiMAX
> LTE

The antenna is the part of the microwave link that transmits electromagnetic energy



Antenna

The antenna is the part of the microwave link that transmits electromagnetic energy from transmission lines into the air and receives transmitted electromagnetic energy from the air to be then sent on transmission lines. The antenna can be in one of many different shapes (for example, horn, parabolic, flat or planar, lens, yagi, or array) to achieve its specific objectives.
The main characteristics of the microwave antenna are the following:
 Directivity: In practical terms, directivity is defined as:
- The ability to send the transmitted power in only the desired direction
- The ability to reject undesired signals coming from other directions.
 Gain: The gain is the amount of power radiated in a given direction using only the RF power at the input terminals of the antenna.
 Front-to-Back Ratio (FBR): The FBR is the ratio of the power radiated in the desired direction to the power radiated in the opposite direction, typically between 35 and 50 dB. In general, the higher the gain of the antenna, the higher the FBR.
 Radiation pattern: The radiation pattern is a diagram showing the direction of the radiated power. The portion of the pattern where the maximum gain occurs is often referred to as the main lobe of the pattern
 Polarisation: Polarisation is the ability to transmit only one of the two electromagnetic vector components of the wave (either the horizontal component or the vertical component). Using polarisation enables the same radio frequency to be used by different radio systems in physical proximity to one another.
 Cross Polarisation Discrimination (XPD): The XPD is the ratio of power received in the desired polarisation to the power received in undesired polarisation. XPD is a design parameter that is maximized in the main lobe of the antenna pattern.

Selasa, 22 Januari 2013

Free Webinar: The All New Xeus Pro 2013 - See it in Action, Learn What’s New!


 
insight into all the new features, enhancements and support capabilities that have been included into this software this time around.

Some highlights include more LTE support including Ericsson LTE call trace analytics, ZTE call trace support and call trace analytics for Huawei RAN14.

There is no cost to join this online event; however spaces are limited therefore do register as soon as possible to secure your spot. We look forward to seeing you there!

Speaker : Kean Chan (the creator himself!)

Pick and Register for a session that suits your time best ;
Option 2: 5th February 2013 @ 9am New York/2pm London/10pm Beijing

-------------------------------------------------------
For assistance
-------------------------------------------------------
Contact Lin at:
norazlin.jalik@aexio.com

Sabtu, 12 Januari 2013

E-UTRA frequency band (36.101)


BandNameBandwidth
(MHz)
Downlink (MHz)Uplink (MHz)Duplex spacing
(MHz)
Equivalent
UMTS band
Low
Earfcn
High
Earfcn
Low
Earfcn
High
Earfcn
1IMT 2.1 GHz602110
0
2170
599
1920
18000
1980
18599
1901
2PCS 1900601930
600
1990
1199
1850
18600
1910
19199
802
3DCS 1800751805
1200
1880
1949
1710
19200
1785
19949
953
4AWS452110
1950
2155
2399
1710
19950
1755
20399
4004
5850 MHz25869
2400
894
2649
824
20400
849
20649
455
6UTRA only10875
2650
885
2749
830
20650
840
20749
456
72.6 GHz702620
2750
2690
3449
2500
20750
2570
21449
1207
8900 MHz35925
3450
960
3799
880
21450
915
21799
458
91700 MHz351844.9
3800
1879.9
4149
1749.9
21800
1784.9
22149
959
10Extended AWS602110
4150
2170
4749
1710
22150
1770
22749
40010
111.5 GHz Lower201475.9
4750
1495.9
4949
1427.9
22750
1447.9
22949
4811
12700 MHz Lower, A+B+C17729
5010
746
5179
699
23010
716
23179
3012
13700 MHz Upper10746
5180
756
5279
777
23180
787
23279
-3113
14Public Safety10758
5280
768
5379
788
23280
798
23379
-3014
17700 MHz Lower, B+C12734
5730
746
5849
704
23730
716
23849
30
18Japan 800 MHz lower15860
5850
875
5999
815
23850
830
23999
45
19Japan 800 MHz upper15875
6000
890
6149
830
24000
845
24149
4519
20800 MHz EDD30791
6150
821
6449
832
24150
862
24449
-4120
211.5 GHz Upper151495.9
6450
1510.9
6599
1447.9
24450
1462.9
24599
4821
223.5 Ghz803510
6600
3590
7399
3410
24600
3490
25399
10022
232 GHz S-Band202180
7500
2200
7699
2000
25500
2020
25699
180
24L Band341525
7700
1559
8039
1626.5
25700
1660.5
26039
-101.5
25PCS 1900 + G Block651930
8040
1995
8689
1850
26040
1915
26689
8025
26800 MHz iDEN35859
8690
894
9039
814
26690
849
27039
4526
27850 MHz lower17852
9040
869
9209
807
27040
824
27209
45
28700 MHz APAC45758
9210
803
9659
703
27210
748
27659
55
33TDD 2000201900
36000
1920
36199
Tdd
34TDD 2000152010
36200
2025
36349
Tdd
35TDD 1900601850
36350
1910
36949
Tdd
36TDD 1900601930
36950
1990
37549
Tdd
37TDD PCS201910
37550
1930
37749
Tdd
38TDD 2.6 GHz502570
37750
2620
38249
Tdd
39China TDD 1.9 GHz401880
38250
1920
38649
Tdd
40China TDD 2.3 GHz1002300
38650
2400
39649
Tdd
41TDD 2.5 GHz1942496
39650
2690
41589
Tdd
42TDD 3.4 GHz2003400
41590
3600
43589
Tdd
43TDD 3.6 GHz2003600
43590
3800
45589
Tdd
44700 MHz APAC100703
45590
803
46589
Tdd

U.S. FCC 700MHz band for commercial services

FCC 700MHz band plan
lte band

U.S. FCC broadband PCS band

PCS band plan
PCS band plan

U.S. Advanced Wireless Services (AWS-1) band

AWS band plan
AWS band plan

U.S. 2300 MHz Wireless Communications Services (WCS) band

WCS band plan

LTE FDD spectrum

LTE FDD spectrum
LTE FDD spectrum

LTE TDD spectrum

LTE TDD spectrum
LTE TDD spectrum

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