Overcome 5G Base Station Design Challenges

As 5G New Radio (NR) moves into development, enabling technologies such as multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) and beamforming are critical. But these technologies can pose challenges to designers who need to implement them in 5G base stations and devices.

You’ll use active phased array antennas to implement MIMO and beamforming in base stations and devices. While these active antennas help overcome signal propagation issues, offer flexibility, and improve the performance of 5G communications, they also create test challenges. These include accommodating for greater mmWave frequency path loss, verifying RF performance of 3D antenna beam patterns over-the-air (OTA), and optimizing base station performance under real-world conditions.

Learn about challenges that arise from 5G NR multi-element active antenna implementations. Download the white paper 3 Key Challenges Implementing and Testing MIMO and Beamforming in 5G Base Stations and Components

Formula for 5G NR ARFCN

The formula for 5G NR ARFCN is described in 3GPP TS 38.104 chapter 5.4.2.1.

Frequency is selected from 3GPP TS 38.104 Table 5.4.2.1-1

Frequency range (MHz)	ΔFGlobal (kHz)	FREF-Offs (MHz)	NREF-Offs	Range of NREF
0 – 3000	5	0	0	0 – 599999
3000 – 24250	15	3000	600000	600000 – 2016666
24250 – 100000	60	24250.08	2016667	2016667 – 3279165

By default, frequency range of 5G NR is divide into two parts FR1 and FR2 (below you can see table from 3GPP 38.104, table 5.1-1).

Frequency range designation	Corresponding frequency range
FR1	450 MHz – 6000 MHz
FR2	24250 MHz – 52600 MHz

Information on the supported FR1 frequencies in table below (3GPP 38.104 table 5.2-1).

NR operating band	Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive / UE transmit FUL_low   –  FUL_high	Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit / UE receive FDL_low   –  FDL_high	Duplex Mode
n1	1920 MHz – 1980 MHz	2110 MHz – 2170 MHz	FDD
n2	1850 MHz – 1910 MHz	1930 MHz – 1990 MHz	FDD
n3	1710 MHz – 1785 MHz	1805 MHz – 1880 MHz	FDD
n5	824 MHz – 849 MHz	869 MHz – 894 MHz	FDD
n7	2500 MHz – 2570 MHz	2620 MHz – 2690 MHz	FDD
n8	880 MHz – 915 MHz	925 MHz – 960 MHz	FDD
n12	699 MHz – 716 MHz	729 MHz – 746 MHz	FDD
n20	832 MHz – 862 MHz	791 MHz – 821 MHz	FDD
n25	1850 MHz – 1915 MHz	1930 MHz – 1995 MHz	FDD
n28	703 MHz – 748 MHz	758 MHz – 803 MHz	FDD
n34	2010 MHz – 2025 MHz	2010 MHz – 2025 MHz	TDD
n38	2570 MHz – 2620 MHz	2570 MHz – 2620 MHz	TDD
n39	1880 MHz – 1920 MHz	1880 MHz – 1920 MHz	TDD
n40	2300 MHz – 2400 MHz	2300 MHz – 2400 MHz	TDD
n41	2496 MHz – 2690 MHz	2496 MHz – 2690 MHz	TDD
n50	1432 MHz – 1517 MHz	1432 MHz – 1517 MHz	TDD
n51	1427 MHz – 1432 MHz	1427 MHz – 1432 MHz	TDD
n66	1710 MHz – 1780 MHz	2110 MHz – 2200 MHz	FDD
n70	1695 MHz – 1710 MHz	1995 MHz – 2020 MHz	FDD
n71	663 MHz – 698 MHz	617 MHz – 652 MHz	FDD
n74	1427 MHz – 1470 MHz	1475 MHz – 1518 MHz	FDD
n75	N/A	1432 MHz – 1517 MHz	SDL
n76	N/A	1427 MHz – 1432 MHz	SDL
n77	3300 MHz – 4200 MHz	3300 MHz – 4200 MHz	TDD
n78	3300 MHz – 3800 MHz	3300 MHz – 3800 MHz	TDD
n79	4400 MHz – 5000 MHz	4400 MHz – 5000 MHz	TDD
n80	1710 MHz – 1785 MHz	N/A	SUL
n81	880 MHz – 915 MHz	N/A	SUL
n82	832 MHz – 862 MHz	N/A	SUL
n83	703 MHz – 748 MHz	N/A	SUL
n84	1920 MHz – 1980 MHz	N/A	SUL
n86	1710 MHz – 1780 MHz	N/A	SUL

Information on the supported FR2 frequencies in table below (3GPP 38.104 table 5.2-1).

NR operating band	Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit/receive UE transmit/receive FUL_low   –  FUL_highFDL_low   –  FDL_high	Duplex Mode
n257	26500 MHz – 29500 MHz	TDD
n258	24250 MHz – 27500 MHz	TDD
n260	37000 MHz – 40000 MHz	TDD
n261	27500 MHz – 28350 MHz	TDD

Found a mistake in ARFCN?

Redefining 5G New Radio Drive Testing

As 5G New Radio (NR) networks ramp up, you’ll need to do live network testing to ensure beams transmit accurately and to achieve throughput per cell, throughput per device, and Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics.

But did you know that changes in radio access with beam-based cells will change test methodologies and require both scanning receivers and test UEs for field verification? 5G NR deployments are mostly in new frequency ranges – 3.5 GHz and 28 to 29 GHz – which means changes in radio access techniques and network architecture.

 

To learn more about navigating changes from cell to beam coverage, download the white paper Redefining 5G New Radio Drive Testing.

Sincerely,

Keysight Technologies

Overcome 5G Base Station Design Challenges

As 5G New Radio (NR) moves into development, enabling technologies such as multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) and beamforming are critical. But these technologies can pose challenges to designers who need to implement them in 5G base stations and devices.

You’ll use active phased array antennas to implement MIMO and beamforming in base stations and devices. While these active antennas help overcome signal propagation issues, offer flexibility, and improve the performance of 5G communications, they also create test challenges. These include accommodating for greater mmWave frequency path loss, verifying RF performance of 3D antenna beam patterns over-the-air (OTA), and optimizing base station performance under real-world conditions.

Learn about challenges that arise from 5G NR multi-element active antenna implementations. Download the white paper 3 Key Challenges Implementing and Testing MIMO and Beamforming in 5G Base Stations and Components. 

Sincerely,

Keysight Technologies

enodeB membutuhkan license yang berbeda-beda?

ask : Mengapa setiap enodeB membutuhkan license yang berbeda-beda?
ans : karena setiap enodeB mempunyai unique fingerpoint dan setiap unique fingerpoint mempunyai unique backplane number.

SMO adalah Software Management Organizer,salah satu fungsinya untuk upgrade software, membuat license, backup semua site.

Sumber:
@NPOtelekom

Cara meningkatkan KPI HOSR di suatu cluster

Cara meningkatkan KPI HOSR di suatu cluster:
1. cari attempt HO dari cell source ke cell target yg jumlahnya banyak misalnya lebih dari 100x attempt
2. dari situ filter lagi yang HOSRnya lebih besar dari 99%
3. kemudian lihat relasi antar cellnya, dan buatlah agar lebih mudah handover ke cell tersebut dengan memainkan parameter CIO (cell individual offset) dan kunci nilainya (jangan keubah secara otomatis oleh SON)
4. dari CIO yang diubah tsb,coba buat t311nya sedikit lebih lama untuk jaga-jaga biar gak drop. Dikit aja jangan terlalu lama.

Udah gitu aja, jika anda benar melakukannya maka nilai HOSR di cluster tsb bisa naik significant. Yang perlu diperhatikan dari teknik di atas adalah, anda harus dapat update terakhir nilai current CIOnya terlebih dahulu, lalu eksekusi secara cepat di waktu yang sama.

Dengan cara di atas prinsipnya adalah HO attempt yang banyak dan nilainya baik (>99%) jumlahnya diperbanyak lagi.

Sebaliknya cari yang HO antar cellnya buruk, misal <50 attemptnya="" banyak="" dan="" ho.="" lalu="" p="" persulitlah="" untuk="">
 

UE deteksi HO failure,

my note for t311 dan t301 :
Timer t311 dan t301 itu berjalan sendiri-sendiri, tidak bisa bersamaan. Jadi gini ceritanya....

Jika UE deteksi HO failure, RLF, dll maka butuh re-establish kan ya, nah jika butuh re-establish maka harus dapat cell lain yang suitable sehingga timer t311 dimulai. Dalam pencariannya, jika t311 belum expire namun sudah menemukan cell lain yang suitable tsb, maka RRC Reestablishment procedure diproses sehingga t311 stop dan t301 dimulai.

Sharing sore how to improve LTE SSR (Setup Success Rate)

Sharing sore how to improve LTE SSR (Setup Success Rate),
Hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan :
- cek kontributor site yang RRCnya bermasalah
- cek dari site itu alarmnya ada atau tidak
- cek status due to PUCCH rejection
- cek maxnumactUE, maxnumrrc,dll
Bila tidak ada masalah, maka reset site.

Share how to improve ERAB Drop

Share how to improve ERAB Drop :
- cek status dropnya due to apa? misal UE lostkah, eutran generated kah, TNL kah, RNL kah
- cek parameter setting site apa sudah benar seperti n310, n311, t310, t311
- cek fitur DRX aktif gak, jika aktif cek apakah sudah max settingan DRXnya
- lihat RET settingnya sudah make sense belum
- cek A3offset bila kaitannya dengan handover

HO preparation failed, penyebab yang mungkin terjadi

HO preparation failed, penyebab yang mungkin terjadi :
- enode B target belum terregister di MME
- enode B punya lebih dari 1 TAC (TAC conflict)
- settingan a2/a3 threshold kurang tepat
- Interupt by TAU
- source MME, target MME, target SGW ada yang bermasalah.

RTWP (receive total wideband power) dapat anda gunakan sebagai pendeteksi interference

RTWP (receive total wideband power) dapat anda gunakan sebagai pendeteksi interference. Jika dalam 1 site terdiri dari 3 sektor, dan hanya 1 sektor yg nilai RTWP nya tinggi sedangkan lainnya rendah maka ada kemungkinan masalah hardware yg harus anda periksa.

Namun jika RTWP pada suatu area cukup tinggi, maka ada kemungkinan terjadi external interference yg harus ditemukan sumbernya. Bisa berupa repeater yg mengganggu yg sedang bekerja pada frekuensi yg sama atau berdekatan

Physical Layer Modeling Principles of 5G New Radio

5G researchers and R&D designers face critical challenges when it comes to physical layer modeling and simulation. Issues exist across the entire communication chain, including baseband, RF/antenna, and channel model simulation. Learn a cross-domain, model-based simulation approach to evaluate throughput performance of the mmWave channel, and beamforming array antenna with hardware impairments and reference baseband models that support the 3GPP NR standard.  Three Key Learnings:  Learn how a 5G system architect should think about simulation.  Understand the basics of system modeling and simulation.  See a real-world example of a mmWave channel and beamforming array antenna Stand a chance to win an eGift card  if you answer the quiz correctly during the session.   If you cannot attend the live event, please register and we will send you the recording. Sincerely, Keysight Technologies

Physical Layer Modeling Principles of 5G New Radio Aug 20, 2019 10:30 a.m. SGT

Register for Webinar >

The interactive Ookla 5G Map tracks 5G rollouts in cities across the globe

OOKLA 5G Map^™

The interactive Ookla 5G Map tracks 5G rollouts in cities across the globe. Updated weekly from verified public sources and Ookla data, you can follow operators' newest 5G networks on @Ookla5GMap.

https://www.speedtest.net/ookla-5g-map