Rabu, 26 Desember 2018

5G Channel Model for bands up to100 GHz by Ericsson, Huawei, Intel, KT Corporation, Nokia

White paper on “5G Channel Model for bands up to100 GHz”

Contributors:

Aalto University, AT&T, BUPT, CMCC, Ericsson, Huawei, Intel, KT Corporation, Nokia, NTT DOCOMO, New York University, Qualcomm, Samsung, University of Bristol, University of Southern California.

Document Title	Version	Publish Date	Download PDF	Download RAR
White paper	1.0	2015-12-06	[ Download ]	[ Download ]
Globecom’15 presentation on 5GCM white paper	1.0	2015-12-17	[ Download ]	[ Download ]
White paper	2.0	2016-03-09	[ Download ]	[ Download ]
Annex	2.0	2016-03-09	[ Download ]	[ Download ]
White paper	2.1	2016-05-13	[ Download ]	[ Download ]
White paper	2.2	2016-9-29	[ Download ]	[ Download ]
Annex	2.2	2016-9-29	[ Download ]	[ Download ]
White paper	2.3	2016-10-21	[ Download ]	[ Download ]

* Please contact Dr. Yi Wang (yi.wang@huawei.com) if you meet any problem in downloading.

Workshop on 5G/IMT-2020 terrestrial radio interfaces (Munich, Germany)

Workshop on IMT-2020 terrestrial radio interfaces (Munich, Germany)

Following the Recommendation ITU‑R M.2083, which defines the framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond, WP 5D has completed several key draft new Reports related to the IMT-2020 terrestrial radio interfaces on;
–                 "Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s)" (Document 5/40)
–                 "Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-2020" (Document 5/57)
–                 "Requirements, evaluation criteria and submission templates for the development of IMT-2020" (Document 5/56)
–                 Revision 1 of Document IMT-2020/2 on "Submission, evaluation process and consensus building for IMT-2020" (Document IMT-2020/2(Rev.1))
From the 28^th meeting of WP 5D in October 2017, the Step 3 of the IMT-2020 developing process "Submission/Reception of the RIT and SRIT proposals and acknowledgement of receipt" will start in accordance with Document IMT-2020/2(Rev.1).
Therefore, in conjunction with the 28^th meeting, WP 5D will be holding a workshop on IMT-2020 focussing on the terrestrial radio interfaces.

Objectives

The objectives of the workshop are as follows;
–                 to promote information sharing on IMT-2020;
–                 to facilitate dialog among ITU-R WP 5D, the possible proponents and the evaluation groups; and in particular
–                 to provide information on the ITU-R WP 5D process for IMT-2020 standardization including minimum technical performance requirements and evaluation guidelines;
–                 to invite possible proponents of IMT-2020 RIT/SRIT to present current and future development aspects about IMT-2020 RITs/SRITs; and
–                 to invite registered independent evaluation groups to present information about their evaluation group and planned actions.

Program

Anticipated timeline & draft program of the Workshop

Depending on the number of possible proponents and registered independent evaluation groups wishing to make a presentation, the time available for each presentation will be decided after the 1^st September deadline.
However, it is estimated that the information from WP 5D experts on the standardisation of IMT‑2020 in WP 5D will be handled prior to the lunch break so that the remaining time of the workshop until 17:00 hours will be devoted to the proponents and the registered independent evaluation groups.
It can be foreseen that the proponents should have time available in the order of 20-30 minutes for their presentation while the registered independent evaluation groups could be allotted around 10 minutes.

Draft Program
09:00	Registration
09:30	Opening remarks by the Chairman of WP 5D	S00-1
09:40	Welcome remarks by the Host of the 28^th WP 5D meetingPresenter: Mr. Walter Guggi
Session 1	Information on IMT-2020 Standardization in ITU-R WP 5D
	Overview of the IMT-2020 development process
09:45	Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s) "Report ITU-R M.[IMT-2020.TECH PERF REQ]" Presenter: Ms. Eiman Mohyeldin (NOKIA)	S01-1
10:15	Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-2020 "Report ITU-R M.[IMT-2020.EVAL]" Presenter: Dr. Ying Peng (DATANG)	S01-2
10:55	Coffee break
11:10	Requirements, evaluation criteria and submission templates for the development of IMT‑2020 "Report ITU-R M.[IMT-2020.SUBMISSION]" Presenter: Dr. Yong Wu (HUAWEI)	S01-3
11:50	Submission and Standardization process (including IPR treatment, consensus building and GCS) Presenter: Mr. Yoshio Honda (ERICSSON)	S01-4
12:20	Q & A for Session 1 (10 min after each presentation)
12:30	LUNCH
Session 2	Presentations by potential IMT-2020 RIT/SRIT proponents
	Presentations by potential IMT-2020 RIT/SRIT proponents (e.g., intentions, plans onwards, organizations, status of technical development, technical solutions to fulfil ITU requirements, etc.)
14:00	3GPP 5G Presenter: Mr. Giovanni Romano (Telecom Italia, 3GPP)	S02-1
14:20	ETSI DECT Presenter: Mr. Daniel Hartnett (DECT Forum)	S02-2
14:40	Korea IMT-2020 Presenter: Mr. Juseop Sim (Korea)	S02-3
15:00	China IMT-2020 Presenter: Mr. Yi Wan* (China)*	S02-4
15:20	Q & A for Session 2
15:30	Coffee break
Session 3	Presentations by registered independent evaluation groups
	Presentations by the registered independent evaluation groups (e.g., structure, organization, future plans, etc.)
15:50	5G Infrastructure Association (5GPPP-EU) Presenter: Mr. Werner Mohr (Nokia Solutions and Networks)	S03-1
16:00	ATIS WTC IMT-2020 Evaluation Group (WTSC-USA) Presenter: Mr. Francesco Pica (Qualcomm)	S03-2
16:10	China Evaluation Group (ChEG-China) Presenter: Dr. Xu Xiaoyan* (CAICT)*	S03-3
16:20	Canadian Evaluation Group (CEG-Canada) Presenter: Mr. Venkatesh Sampath (Ericsson)	S03-4
16:30	Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Presenter: Dr. Nigel Jefferies (WWRF)	S03-5
16:40	Telecom Centres of Excellence (TCOE-India) Presenter: Dr. R K Pathak (TCOE)	S03-6
16:50	5GMF IMT-2020 Evaluation Group (5GMF-Japan) Presenter: Mr. Takaharu Nakamura (Fujitsu)	S03-7
17:00	TTA 5G Technology Evaluation Special Project Group (TTA SPG33-Korea) Presenter: Mr. Seong-Jun Oh (Korea University)	S03-8
17:10	Trans-Pacific Evaluation Group (TPCEG/ITRI-USA) Presenter: Mr. Tzu-Ming Lin (ITRI)	S03-9
17:20	Q & A for Session 3
17:30	Wrap up and Closing

Note: The program and time schedule are subject to change.

Senin, 24 Desember 2018

5G Flexible Numerology - What is it? Why should you care?

5G Flexible Numerology - What is it? Why should you care?

5G has so many promises it's difficult to tell how they all can be achieved. From extreme data download speeds, to self-driving automobiles, to IoT devices monitoring over many years. One of the key enablers for these to happen is the flexible numerology recently defined in 3GPP Release 15.

https://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5992-3173EN.pdf?id=2995191

Selasa, 18 Desember 2018

Streaming video – from megabits to gigabytes,Ericsson’s MobilityReport

Streaming video – from megabits to gigabytes

Smartphone traffic per subscription will continue to grow, driven by increasing video quality and immersive formats.

Download the article

Key findings

Smartphone data consumption and smartphone subscriptions are set to increase significantly.
Video is the most significant traffic type generated by smartphone users.
The increase in video data traffic has three main drivers: increased viewing time, more video content, and an evolution to higher resolutions and complex formats.
User behaviors are shifting as network capabilities expand and are projected to change more dramatically as 5G services become available.
For immersive formats to go mainstream, latency reductions and support for more symmetrical uplink/downlink throughput are required.
At the end of 2024, the global average data consumption per smartphone is projected to be 21GB per month.

By the end of 2024, it is estimated that a smartphone will consume more than 21GB of data per month on average – nearly 4 times the amount consumed in 2018. In addition to this increased usage, the number of smartphone subscriptions is set to increase by 45 percent, reaching a total of 7.2 billion.

New video-watching behaviors drive data consumption

Video currently stands out as the most significant traffic type consumed by smartphone users, at a current average of 60 percent of total traffic. The importance of video will only increase; by the end of 2024, it is projected to account for 74 percent of traffic.

Evolution of the average smartphone user’s data consumption

Traffic category	World average data consumption (GB per month)
	2018	2024
Downloads	0.6	1.2
Messaging	0.5	0.9
App traffic	1.0	2.1
Audio streaming	0.1	0.4
Video streaming	3.4	16.3
Total	5.6	21

The increase in video data traffic per smartphone user has three main drivers: increased viewing time, more video content embedded in news media and social networking, and an evolution to higher resolutions and more demanding formats.
Today, most mobile video is streamed at low-definition and standard-definition formats 360p and 480p respectively. This is due to restrictions introduced by both content and communications service providers, as well as customers selecting formats with lower bitrates to get the most out of their data bucket. But user behaviors are shifting as network capabilities expand and are projected to change more dramatically as 5G services are made available. The streaming of high-definition (HD) video in 720p and 1080p resolutions is increasing, and the average resolution of a YouTube video in some LTE networks is already up to 720p.

Further explore the relationship between the usage of various app types and monthly traffic per subscription with Ericsson’s Mobility Calculator.

Jumat, 14 Desember 2018

Updated Spectrum for Terrestrial 5G Networks: Licensing Developments,Dec 2018

5G spectrum plans as of 13 December 2018. As national regulators plot their countries’ moves towards 5G, there are important choices to be made about which portions of the spectral range should be either dedicated for use by terrestrial 5G networks and services or at least accessible to 5G networks and services. This report summarises recent spectrum activity worldwide including auction and allocation plans.
This report reflects a market that is in constant flux and feedback is greatly appreciated to keep it current. The next update will be published in January 2019. Please send comments and information to research@gsacom.com.

Important changes since the last report include:
Australia: 3600 MHz auction completed.
Albanian auction of spectrum at 800 MHz in 2019.
Bulgarian consultations on spectrum plan and bands.
Canada: initial applicants named in auction of spectrum at 600 MHz.
Chile: press reports indicate 5G spectrum auction likely to slip to 2019.
China: spectrum allocated for 5G trials.
Egypt: initial timeline indications for 5G auctions (by 2020).
France: completed its spectrum reallocations and licence extensions in the 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz ranges.
Germany: finalised rules for auctions of spectrum at 2000 MHz (1920–1980 MHz/2110–2170 MHz) and 3700–3800 MHz, due in Spring 2019, including coverage and throughput targets.
Hong Kong: bidders confirmed in 900 MHz and 1800 MHz auction.
Mexico plans 600 MHz auction and considers AWS band and 2.5 GHz spectrum auctions.
Philippines: review of underused spectrum to support new entrants and recently named new major player (NMP).
Romania: consultation opened on its 5G spectrum allocation plans.
Russia: spectrum awarded for 5G test licences; more applications requested.
Spain: press reports indicate possible delay to 700 MHz auction.
Serbia: initial timeline indications for a 5G spectrum auction.
Sweden: completion of the country’s 700 MHz auction.
Thailand: updated auction plans for 2019.
UAE: initial licences issued for 5G deployments; full allocations expected after WRC-19.
United States: incentive auction announced for spectrum at 37.6–38.6 GHz, 38.6–40 GHz and 47.2–48.2 GHz.

https://www.4shared.com/web/preview/pdf/gZG9OL95ee

©2018 GSA

Selasa, 04 Desember 2018

Millimeter Wave/ 5G Channel Simulator NYUSIM Version 1.6.1

Dear NYUSIM users,

Thank you for your interest in our open-source Millimeter Wave/ 5G Channel Simulator NYUSIM. You are receiving this email because you have previously downloaded NYUSIM and entered your email address into our database.

We would like to announce that a new version (Version 1.6.1) of NYUSIM has just been released and is available at nyuwireless.com/nyusim. Version 1.6.1 provides two major improvements to NYUSIM, based on user feedback. The first improvement provides a complete MIMO channel representation. The second improvement fixes a crash when the RF bandwidth is set to be smaller than 800 MHz.

(a) Fix 1: In Version 1.6 and earlier versions, NYUSIM only used the first TX antenna element with all RX antenna elements to generate the MIMO channel impulse responses, where NYUSIM should have used all TX antenna elements (N_TX) with all RX antenna elements (N_RX) when producing the MIMO channel impulse responses. In other words, earlier versions of NYUSIM only generated 1 x N_RXcomplex voltages for a particular multipath component. However, for proper MIMO channel modeling, N_TX x N_RX complex voltages of a particular multipath component are needed. The MIMO channel function is improved to generate a full MIMO impulse response (channel matrix) with respect to the number of TX antennas and the number of RX antennas. The parameter "CIR_MIMO" is expanded for all TX antenna elements for actual MIMO implementations and adjusted according to the user-specific RF bandwidth.
Fix 2: In Version 1.6, a bug occurs when the RF bandwidth is set to be less than 800 MHz. The time resolution of the system becomes more coarse as the bandwidth is set by the user to be narrower than 800 MHz. Thus, fewer multipath components can be resolved at narrower bandwidth compared to the 800 MHz bandwidth. Thus, multipath components that arrive within a time bin are vectorially summed, and the function "getNewPowerSpectrum.m" in v 1.6.1 will correctly generate the band-adjusted power spectrum. AOA and AOD information retain 800 MHz bandwidth resolution, even if the user decreases the RF bandwidth.

More details about Version 1.6.1 can be found on the NYUSIM website (nyuwireless.com/nyusim) and in the NYUSIM user manual.

Please feel free to download and use NYUSIM v1.6 if interested. Thank you again for your interest and support!

Download NYUSIM Version 1.6.1

Sabtu, 10 November 2018

Very nice visualization of 5G NR resource allocation

Very nice visualization of NR resource allocation with beam sweeping and different slot formats, RRC messages, peak data rates an so on. Please have a look at:http://niviuk.free.fr/nr_frame.php

Rabu, 24 Oktober 2018

Sinopsis Perancangan Jaringan Gelombang Mikro Menggunakan Pathloss 5

Sinopsis Perancangan Jaringan Gelombang Mikro Menggunakan Pathloss 5

Seiring dengan perkembangan dan pemanfaatan Teknologi Seluler 2G, 3G dan 4G maka diperlukanlah jaringan yang saling menghubungkan antar pemancar dan penerima atau Base Trasceiver Station (BTS). Jaringan tersebut dapat menggunakan berbagai medium seperti fiber optik dan gelombang mikro. Perancangan jaringan dengan menggunakan medium gelombang mikro memiliki kelebihan selain mudah dalam instalasi juga mampu menjangkau wilayah yang sulit diimplementasikan pada media lain.

Buku ajar yang anda pegang ini memberikan paparan yang sangat lengkap mengenai perancangan jaringan gelombang mikro secara teoritis maupun praktis, karena materi yang tampilkan akan sangat dekat dengan implementasi di lapangan. Sehingga mampu dijadikan pegangan dalam perancangan sistem komunikasi gelombang mikro dilapangan.

Pembahasan buku ajar ini dimulai dari konsep komunikasi gelombang mikro serta implmentasi dan regulasinya. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan teori mengenai propagasi serta interferensi, dan perhitungan link budget. Keunggulan lain dari buku ini adalah terdapat pembahasan langkah demi langkah bagaimana merancang jaringan gelombang mikro dan konfigurasinya dengan simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak Pathloss 5.

Kami berharap dengan adanya buku ini, dapat memberikan inspirasi , wawasan serta menjadi referensi bagi kalangan akademisi di Perguruan Tinggi maupun praktisi di Dunia Industri pada bidang telekomunikasi khususnya jaringan gelombang mikro.

Senin, 17 September 2018

What is 5G NR mm technology?

My answer is a summary of the paper: “5G New Radio (NR): Unveiling the Essentials of the Next Generation Wireless Access Technology”, Lin et. al., Ericsson.

NR mm [New Radio Millimeter Wave] Use Cases

The 5th generation [5G] wireless access technology, known as New Radio [NR], will address the three primary 5G use cases:

Enhanced mobile broadband [eMBB].
Ultra-reliable low-latency communications [URLLC].
Massive machine type communications [MMTC]/Internet-of-Things [IoT].

Key technology features

Support for low latency.
Ultra lean transmission.
Advanced antenna technologies.
Multi-user Massive MIMO.
Analog beam sweeping and analog beamforming.
Operation in high frequency bands: [millimeter wave (mm)] and inter-operability between 2G, 3G, 4G frequency bands.
Dynamic TDD [time division duplexing].

Waveform Scaling

3GPP will adopt OFDM [orthogonal frequency division multiplexing] with a CP [cyclic-prefix] for both DL [downlink: RRH to UE] and uplink UL [UE to RRH] transmissions.
CP-OFDM can enable low implementation complexity and low cost for wide bandwidth operations [expected at mm frequencies] and MIMO [multiple-input multiple-output] technologies.
NR also supports the use of DFT-S-OFDM [discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM] in the UL to improve network coverage.
NR supports operation in the spectrum ranging from sub-1GHz to millimeter wave bands. Two frequency ranges (FR) are defined in 3GPP Release-15:
FR1: 450 MHz – 6 GHz, commonly referred to as sub-6GHz; and, FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz, referred to as millimeter wave [mm].
NR adopts flexible subcarrier spacing scaled from the basic 15 kHz subcarrier spacing in LTE.
This scalable design allows support for a wide range of deployment scenarios and carrier frequencies.

Frame Structure

A frame has a duration of 10ms and consists of 10 subframes. This is the same as in LTE, facilitating NR and LTE coexistence.
Each subframe consists of 2 slots of 14 OFDM symbols each. Although a slot is a typical unit for transmission upon which scheduling operates, NR enables transmission to start at any OFDM symbol and last only as many symbols as needed for the communication.
This type of “mini-slot” transmission can thus facilitate very low latency for critical data as well as minimize interference to other links per the lean carrier design principle that aims at minimizing transmissions.
Latency optimization has been an important consideration in NR.

RB [Resource Block]

An RB consists of 12 consecutive subcarriers [same as LTE] in the frequency domain. A single NR carrier in Release-15 is limited to 3300 active subcarriers and to at most 400MHz bandwidth.
Howver, in contrast to LTE, the maximum bandwidth in FR1 is 100MHz, and the maximum bandwidth in FR2 is 400MHz. Both are much greater than the maximum LTE bandwidth of 20MHz.
Despite wide bandwidth, the ultra-lean design in NR minimizes always-on transmissions, leading to higher network EE [energy efficiency] and lower interference.

CA [Carrier Aggregation]

Similar to LTE-A [3GPP Release-12].
NR supports the possibility to have an NR carrier and an LTE carrier overlapping with each other in frequency
This enables dynamic sharing of spectrum between NR and LTE. This facilitates a smooth migration to NR from LTE.
Solutions specified to allow this type of operation are the ability for NR PDSCH [physical downlink shared channel - explianed below] to map around LTE cell CRS [specific reference signals].
Flexible placements of DCH [DL control channels].

Co-existence with LTE

Initial access related reference signals and data channels to minimize collisions with LTE reference signals.
NR also supports SUL [supplementary uplink] which can be used as a low-band complement to the cell’s UL when operating in high frequency bands and a SDL [supplementary DL].
To allow good forward compatibility support in NR, it is possible to configure certain sets of resources to be unused in any PDSCH transmission.
This allows 3GPP to develop new physical layer solutions for currently unknown use cases.
For a carrier with a given subcarrier spacing, the available radio resources in a subframe of duration 1ms can be thought of as a resource grid composed of subcarriers in frequency and OFDM symbols in time.
Accordingly, each RE [resource element] in the RG [resource grid] occupies one subcarrier in frequency and one OFDM symbol in time.

Bandwidth Part

To reduce the device power consumption, a UE [user equipment] may be active on a wide bandwidth in case of bursty traffic for a short time, while being active on a narrow bandwidth for the remaining.
This is commonly referred to as bandwidth adaptation and is addressed in NR by a new concept known as bandwidth part.
A bandwidth part is a subset of contiguous RBs on the carrier.
Up to four bandwidth parts can be configured in the UE for each of the UL and DL, but at a given time, only one bandwidth part is active per transmission direction.
Thus, the UE can receive on a narrow bandwidth part and, when needed, the network can dynamically inform the UE to switch to a wider bandwidth for reception.

Modulation

Similar to LTE.
BPSK and QPSK.
16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM with binary reflected Gray mapping.

Channel Coding

NR control channels use Reed-Muller block codes and CRC [cyclic redundancy check] assisted polar codes [vs. tail-biting convolutional codes in LTE].
NR data channels use rate compatible quasi-cyclic LDPC [low-density parity-check] codes [vs. turbo codes in LTE].

Duplexing

The duplexing options supported in NR include FDD [frequency division duplex], TDD with semi-statically configured UL/DL configuration, and dynamic TDD.
In the TDD spectrum, for small/isolated cells it is possible to use dynamic TDD to adapt to traffic variations.
For large over-the-rooftop cells, semi-static TDD may be more suitable for handling interference issues than fully dynamic TDD.

Slot Configuration

Cell-specific and UE-specific RRC [radio resource control] configurations determine the UL/DL allocations.
This framework allows configuration of slot patterns identical to LTE TDD frame structures.
If a slot configuration is not configured, all the resources are considered flexible by default.
Whether a symbol is used for DL or UL transmission can be dynamically determined according to Layer 1 [PHY] or Layer 2 [MAC] signaling of DCI [DL control information].
This leads to a dynamic TDD system.

SS [Sync Signals] & PBCH [Physical Broadcast Channel]

SS + PBCH = SSB [sync signal broadcast] in NR.
The subcarrier spacing of SSB can be 15kHz or 30kHz in FR1 and 120kHz or 240kHz in FR2.
By detecting SS, a UE can obtain the physical cell identity, achieve downlink synchronization in both time and frequency domain, and acquire the timing for PBCH.
PBCH carries the very basic system information.

PRACH [Physical Random Access Channel]

PRACH is used to transmit a random-access preamble from a UE to indicate to the gNB [gigabit Node-B, vs. eNB (evolved Node-B) in LTE] a random-access attempt and to assist the gNB to adjust the uplink timing of the UE, among other parameters.
Like in LTE, Zadoff-Chu sequences are used for generating NR random-access preambles due to their favorable properties, including constant amplitude before and after DFT operation, zero cyclic auto-correlation and low cross-correlation.
In contrast to LTE, NR random-access preamble supports two different sequence lengths with different format configurations, to handle the wide range of deployments for which NR is designed.

Analog Beam Sweeping Technology

Short preamble formats in both FR1 and FR2 supports the possibility of analog beam sweeping during PRACH reception such that the same preamble can be received with different beams at the gNB.

PDSCH [Physical Downlink Shared Channel]

PDSCH is used for the transmission of DL user data, UE-specific higher layer information, system information, and paging.
For transmission of a DL transport block , a transport block CRC is first appended to provide error detection, followed by a LDPC base graph selection.
NR supports two LDPC base graphs, one optimized for small transport blocks and one for larger transport blocks.
Segmentation of the transport block into code blocks and code block CRC attachment are performed.
Each code block is individually LDPC encoded. The LDPC coded blocks are then individually rate matched.
Finally, code block concatenation is performed to create a codeword for transmission on the PDSCH. Up to 2 codewords can be transmitted simultaneously on the PDSCH.

PUSCH [Physical Uplink Shared Channel]

PUSCH is used for the transmission of UL-SCH [UL shared channel] (UL-SCH) and Layer 1-Layer2 control information.
The UL-SCH is the transport channel used for transmitting an UL transport block.
The physical layer processing of an UL transport block is similar to the processing of a DL transport block.

PDCCH [Physical Downlink Control Channel]

PDCCH is used to carry DCI such as downlink scheduling assignments and uplink scheduling grants.
Legacy LTE control channels are always distributed across the entire system bandwidth, making it difficult to control intercell interference.
NR PDCCHs are specifically designed to transmit a CORSET [configurable control resource set].
A CORESET is analogous to the control region in LTE but is generalized: the set of RBs and the set of OFDM symbols in which it is located are configurable with the corresponding PDCCH search spaces.
Such configuration flexibilities of control regions including time, frequency, numerologies, and operating points enable NR to address a wide range of use cases.

PUCCH [Physical Uplink Control Channel]

PUCCH is used to carry UCI [uplink control information] such as HARQ [hybrid automatic repeat request] feedback, CSI [channel state information], and SR [scheduling request].
Unlike LTE PUCCH that is located at the edges of the carrier bandwidth and is designed with fixed duration and timing, NR PUCCH is flexible in its time and frequency allocation.
That allows supporting UEs with smaller bandwidth capabilities in an NR carrier and efficient usage of available resources with respect to coverage and capacity.
NR PUCCH design is based on 5 PUCCH formats: PUCCH 0,1,2,3 and 4.

DMRS [Demodulation Reference Signals]

DMRS is used by the receiver to produce channel estimates for demodulation of the associated physical channel. The design of DMRS is specific for each physical channel – PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and PUCCH.
In all cases, DMRS is UE specific, transmitted on demand, and normally does not extend outside of the scheduled physical resource of the channel it supports.

PTRS [Phase Tracking Reference Signals]

PTRS is used for tracking the phase of the local oscillator at the receiver and transmitter. This enables suppression of phase noise and common phase error, particularly important at high carrier frequencies such as millimeter wave.
Due to the properties of phase noise, PTRS can have low density in the frequency domain but high density in the time domain. PTRS can be present both in the downlink [associated with PDSCH] and in the uplink [associated with PUSCH].

CSI-RS for Analog Beamforming

Similar to LTE: NR CSI-RS is used for DL CSI acquisition.
CSI-RS in NR also supports RSRP [reference signal received power] measurements for mobility and beam management [analog beamforming], time/frequency tracking for demodulation, and UL reciprocity-based precoding.
CSI-RS is UE specifically configured, but multiple user can still share the same resource.

SRS [Sounding Reference Signals]

SRS is used for UL channel sounding.
The design supports UL link adaptation and scheduling, but in reciprocity operation also downlink precoder selection, link adaptation and scheduling, e.g., for massive multi-user MIMO.
Contrary to LTE, NR SRS is UE specifically configured. This enables a high degree of flexibility in the system.

The PHY Layer [Layer-1] NR specs have been described in TS38.201[1], TS38.202[2], TS38.211[3], TS38.212[4], TS38.213[5] and TS38.214[6].

Higher layer [Layer-2, Layer-3] specifications are described in the TS 38.300 series[7].

Footnotes

[1] https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopm...

[2] https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopm...

[3] https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopm...

[4] https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopm...

[5] https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopm...

[6] https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopm...

[7] https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopm...

Minggu, 09 September 2018

Jenis dan Operator Jaringan Internet di Indonesia

*Jenis dan Operator Jaringan Internet di Indonesia*

Berikut beberapa jenis jaringan Internet dan Operator penyedia layanan Internet tsb :

*A. FTTH (Fiber To The Home) Network :*

1. Indihome : Telkom Gerup
2. MNC Play : MNC Gerup
3. First Media : Lippo Gerup
4. My Republic : Sinarmas Gerup
5. Biznet Home: PT. Supra Primatama Nusantara (SPN)
6. CBN Home: CBN Gerup
7. GIG Indosat: PT. Indosat Ooredoo

*B. Sattelite Network*

1. Indovision : MNC Gerup
2. Trans Vision : Trans Gerup
3. Kompas Vision : Kompas Gerup
4. Orange : PT. Mega Media Indonesia
5. BIG: Lippo Gerup
6. Byru : PT. Pasifik Satelit Nusantara

*C. Celular Network*

1. IM3, Matrix, Mentari, Starone : PT. Indosat Ooredoo
2. AGIO, Axis, Awesom, Bebas, Jempol, Novi,  Pro_XL :  PT. XL Axiata
3. AS, Flexi, Halo, Halo Hybrid, Simpati : PT. Telkom Gerup
4. Tri :  PT. HCPT
5. Ceria, Net1:  PT. Sampurna Telekomukasi Indonesia
6. Esia, Fren, Mobi, Smart, Smartfren : Sinarmas Gerup
7. Bolt : Lippo Gerup

Kamis, 30 Agustus 2018

Alokasi Frekuensi Sampurna Telecommunication Indonesia, STI, Net1

Minggu, 26 Agustus 2018

Data Statistik Ditjen Sumber Daya dan Perangkat Pos dan Informatika Republik Indonesia (SDPPI)

Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya dan Perangkat Pos dan Informatika Republik Indonesia
Direktorat Jenderal SDPPI berfokus pada pengaturan, pengelolaan dan pengendalian sumberdaya dan perangkat pos dan informatika yang terkait dengan penggunaan oleh internal (pemerintahan) maupun publik luas/masyarakat

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Minggu, 19 Agustus 2018

All About 5G

Sources = http://www.sharetechnote.com/html/5G/

Kamis, 16 Agustus 2018

Video Prof Ryuji Kohno,5G&IOT/M2M Application,Summer School Telkom University

Prof Ryuji Kohno from Yokohama National University Japan,5G&IOT/M2M Application,Summer School Telkom University

Part1
https://youtu.be/8wChL6JRO6M
Part 2
https://youtu.be/l75OvmOTYxg
Part 3
https://youtu.be/qNunt5U_tyQ
Part 4
https://youtu.be/bVZKSux-vP0
Part 5
https://youtu.be/r31SbMYIVak
Part 6
https://youtu.be/_98fPqaK4oY

Video Session 2, Dr. Eng. Khoirul Anwar,Basic Coding Theory for 5G Technology and Research Opportunitie

Basic Coding Theory for 5G Technology and Research Opportunities: Channel coding theorem, Basic of Polar codes, Basic of LDPC codes, Basic of Turbo processing, Coded random access for IoT

Part 1
https://youtu.be/J8KuClDxWfQ
Part 2
https://youtu.be/cjNhEra-o6

Video Dr. Eng. Khoirul Anwar,Basic Coding Theory for 5G Technology and Research Opportunities

Dr. Eng. Khoirul Anwar, Telkom University, Indonesia.
Basic Coding Theory for 5G Technology and Research Opportunities: Channel coding theorem, Basic of Polar codes, Basic of LDPC codes, Basic of Turbo processing, Coded random access for IoT
Part 1
https://youtu.be/S_blR9-aszg
Part 2
https://youtu.be/tvRgN8yKaKE
Part 3
https://youtu.be/UbwPpKSNGuw
Part 4
https://youtu.be/zN-ech407uw
Part 5
https://youtu.be/6fED-kCYK9I
Part 6
https://youtu.be/evY-N61zJbU
Part 7
https://youtu.be/qVfRk4DLs6Y

CSFB (Circuit Switch Fall Back) Explanation & Optimization

CSFB (Circuit Switch Fall Back) Explanation & Optimization

I have received a lot of requests to explain CSFB as it is one of the more complicated LTE KPIs. So, here is a brief explanation on how CSFB works and what are various ways to optimize the KPI itself.

If a handset is camped on LTE and it does not support VoLTE, then it needs to perform a CSFB to initiate a voice call. CSFB (Circuit Switched Fall Back) is a mechanism that sends the user from 4G to 3G/2G (CS RAT) where it can successfully complete a CS Voice Call. If CSFB is not enabled in the network, the incoming voice calls will fail, however outgoing voice calls can still work depending on the mobile. However, let’s start from the basics to understand this in detail.

The figure explains an incoming CSFB call when the UE is in idle mode. If the UE is in idle mode, the core needs to send a paging message to inform the UE that a voice call is being made to the UE and it needs to perform a CSFB. Once, the UE reads the paging message, it will initiate access starting with RACH and followed by RRC setup. The RRC Setup Complete message will contain the Extended Service Request (ESR) and the eNB passes this message to the EPC in S1 Initial UE Message. ESR is the indication to the EPC that the UE has successfully received the page and it wants to undergo CSFB process.

Based on this, the MME will send Initial Context Setup Request to the eNB with CSFB indicator. It is at this point that the eNB will be informed that the CSFB process needs to be started. So, most of the CSFB related counters peg CSFB attempt at this point. This also means that if the paging fails or ESR is not decoded by the eNB, the CSFB KPI on the eNB will not show any degradation. The question is why the eNB does not peg any CSFB counters for paging or ESR? The answer is that the paging is broadcasted and the eNB does not know if that paging message is intended for the UE in its coverage area as the UE is in idle mode and it has no RRC connection to the eNB. The ESR is a NAS message and this a communication between UE and MME as the eNB does not read the NAS messages. So, the only message that informs the eNB about the CSFB process is the MME’s response to the ESR NAS message that has CSFB indicator included.

Ilmu Planning Optim Telekomunikasi

Ilmu Planning Optim Telekomunikasi

Once the eNB gets the Initial Context Setup Process, it may send a Security Command and RRC Reconfiguration to the UE to create a RAB and as the UE responds to these messages, the eNB sends a Initial Context Setup Response to the MME. After this, the process may vary depending on the type of CSFB implementation done in the network. Usually, there are they types of CSFB mechanisms that are used but there are other variations as well.

Blind CSFB: This is the most common type of CSFB implementation where the eNB will send the UE blindly to 3G/2G. In this case, the eNB will send a RRC Release with the target RAT’s frequency and the UE will be redirected to that frequency. The UE will search for that carrier and will try to connect to it and send a paging response to initiate the MT CS Call (Mobile Terminating). The gain of this type of implementation is that it is very quick and since most of the networks have a better coverage of CS RATs (2G and 3G) so a blind redirection should not be an issue usually. The drawback is that if the CS RAT has bad coverage or poor quality in that area, the call might fail or take extensively long time.
Measurement Based CSFB: This means that the eNB will send a RRC Reconfiguration with measurement control and the UE will measure the 3G or 2G cells and once it finds a cell that meets the required thresholds, it will send a Measurement Report (MR) to the eNB. The eNB will then send a RRC Release to the UE and the UE will try to initiate a CS call on that RAT. Over here, the CSFB can also be based on handover in which case, the eNB will initiate a handover to the target RAT’s cell and send the UE to that specific cell for which the MR has been generated by the UE. This type of implementation usually has more reliability but the delay is higher in call setup because the UE takes around 500 to 700 milliseconds to complete the measurement of the target CS RAT. Secondly, a handover-based implementation degrades the KPI as well since a small number of handovers fail in preparation phase. Usually, such an implementation is governed by a timer such that if the UE is unable to find 3G then if the timer expires, the eNB will blindly send the UE to 2G. This reduces the delay and improves the reliability of the call.
RIM or Flash CSFB : This is a mechanism in which eNB fetches System Information (SIBs) from the target RAT and sends the SIBs to the UE in the RRC Release message. This reduces the time, the UE takes to connect to the target RAT as it will not have to read all the SIBs again. The drawback of this approach is that there can only be a limited number of SIBs that can be sent in a RRC Release message and the UE might not be able to find that cell in the target RAT so then it will still have to go through all the SIBs. However, this approach can work with both blind CSFB or measurement-based CSFB redirections and usually it brings gain to both the implementations.
Once the UE moves to the target RAT, it still needs to connect to initiate the call. There is a possibility that the call setup fails in this part and the call might fail. However, once again, this will not be pegged in the CSFB KPI on the eNB as the for the eNB, the CSFB is successful when it sends the RRC Release. The eNB has no way of knowing whether the call was successful on 2G/3G. Thus, when there is a complaint of a call failure, just looking at the CSFB KPI does not give the complete picture. It is a good idea to check the CS paging success rate and call setup success rate on the CS RATs as well.

If the CSFB KPI is bad then it can basically mean two things. Either there is an issue in the EPC to eNB phase or there is an issue in the eNB to UE Release phase.

Ilmu Planning Optim Telekomunikasi

EPC to eNB Phase: I call the portion where the MME tells the eNB that a CSFB is required as the “EPC to eNB Phase”. In idle mode, this phase describes the portion from Initial Context Setup Request to Initial Context Setup Response while in connected mode, this covers the UE Context Modification Request to UE Context Modification Response. Usually, the failures in this phase happen in the connected mode and they are mostly related to conflict with other procedures. For instance, if the UE is performing a handover and MME sends a UE Context Modification Request to the eNB for CSFB, the eNB might reject it saying that the UE is already undergoing handover procedure. Such issues can be mitigated by reducing handovers – if the number of handovers is huge or some vendors offer features to prioritize CSFB over other procedures. However, such failures do not cause a call failure as the MME will resend the CSFB request to the target eNB. If both the connected mode and idle mode phases show failures then it usually indicates a CSFB license issue or the feature is not activated.
eNB to UE Release Phase: Once the eNB has responded to the MME with Initial Context Setup Response or UE Context Modification Response, then the eNB will start the procedure over the air interface. In case of blind CSFB, the eNB just sends a RRC Release to the UE. If the RRC Release is not sent, then usually it is related to configuration of UTRAN frequencies or neighbors depending on the vendor. If the CSFB is measurement based and it is taking too long then verify if the UE is sending the Measurement Report in time (within 700 milliseconds). If it is taking longer than that then that normally indicates that the target thresholds (B1/B2) are too difficult. For instance, if the target RAT is 3G and the B1 threshold is set to -8 dB EcNo, the UE might find it difficult to find a cell that meets this threshold and will take a longer time to send the Measurement Report. So reducing the threshold to -12 or -14 will help in resolving this issue.

Ilmu Planning Optim Telekomunikasi

These are some of the basics on CSFB and I will write another article on how to reduce the CSFB call setup time and also about issues that cause a E2E CSFB call setup failure like TAC definition, Inter-MSC issues and paging failures.

In case of any queries or feedback, please drop a comment below and I would love to respond and help. (by Ali Khalid) by (ourtechplanet.com).

Rabu, 26 Desember 2018

Workshop on IMT-2020 terrestrial radio interfaces (Munich, Germany)

Objectives

Program

Senin, 24 Desember 2018

Selasa, 18 Desember 2018

Streaming video – from megabits to gigabytes

Key findings

New video-watching behaviors drive data consumption

Evolution of the average smartphone user’s data consumption

Jumat, 14 Desember 2018

Selasa, 04 Desember 2018

Sabtu, 10 November 2018

Rabu, 24 Oktober 2018

Senin, 17 September 2018

Minggu, 09 September 2018

Kamis, 30 Agustus 2018

Minggu, 26 Agustus 2018

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